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4 Programming
Like other functions, a neste d function has its own workspace where variables
used by the function are stored. B ut it also has a ccess to the w orkspaces
of all functions in which it is nested. So, for example, a variable that has
a value assigned to it by the primary function can be read or overwritten
by a function nested at any level w ithin the prim ary. Similarly, a variable
that is assigned in a nested function can be read or overwritten by any of the
functions containing that function.
Function Overloading
Overloaded functions act the same way as overloa d ed fun cti on s in most
computer languages. Overloaded functions are useful when you need to create
a function that responds to different types of inputs accordingly. For instance,
you might want one of your functions to accept both double-precision and
integer input, but to handle each type somewhat differently. You can make
thisdifferenceinvisibletotheuserbycreating two separate functions having
thesamename,anddesignatingonetohandle
double types and one to
handle integers. When you call the function, MATLAB chooses which M-file
to dispatch to based on the type of the input arguments.
Global Variables
If you want more than one function to share a single copy of a variable, simply
declare the variable as
global in all the functions. Do the same thing at
the command line if you want the base w orkspace to access the variable.
The global declaration must occur before the variable is actually used in a
function. Although it is not required, using capital letters for the names of
global variables helps distinguish them from other variables. For example,
create an M-file called
falling.m:
function h = f alling(t)
global GRAVITY
h = 1/2*GRAVITY*t.^2;
Then interactively enter the statements
global GRAVITY
GRAVITY = 32;
y = falling((0:.1:5)') ;
4-26
- Getting Started withMATLAB 1
- 508-647-7000 (Phone) 2
- 508-647-7001 (Fax) 2
- The MathWorks, I nc 2
- 3 Apple Hill Drive 2
- Natick, MA 01760-2098 2
- Revision History 3
- External Interfaces 10
- .................. 8-4 11
- Contents 12
- Introduction 13
- What Is MATLAB? 14
- The M ATLAB System 15
- 1 Introduction 16
- MATLAB Documentation 17
- Star ting and Quitting MATLAB 19
- Confirm Quitting 21
- Matrices and Arrays 23
- Matrices a nd Magic Squares 24
- Matrices and Mag ic Squares 25
- ; ,toindicatetheendofeachrow 26
- 2 Matrices and Arra ys 28
- Subscripts 29
- The magic Function 31
- Expressions 33
- Functions 35
- Working with Matrices 38
- The load Function 39
- Deleting Rows an 41
- Scalar Expansio 49
- Logical Subscrip 49
- Suppressing Output 53
- Graphics 57
- Over view of MATLAB Plotting 58
- Exploring Data 59
- Editing the Graph Components 59
- Annotating Graphs 59
- CLF in the 60
- Graph Components 61
- Overview of MATLAB Plotting 63
- Enable plotting tools from 65
- Plot edit mode enabled 73
- Editing Plots 75
- + to the left o f 77
- Set line to no line 83
- Set Marker to O 83
- Set Marker fill color to red 83
- Set Marker size to 4.0 83
- 1. Select axes 85
- Select both sets of data 87
- Select Stem as the Plot Type 87
- 3 Click th 89
- XData and YData are 91
- 3 Graphics 100
- Set the size at which to 103
- Fonts in the Export 103
- 8 in the text box 103
- Creating a Plot 105
- Figure Windows 111
- [X,Y,Z] = cylinder(4*cos(t)); 113
- Adding Axis Labels and Titles 115
- Saving Figures 117
- AboutMeshandSurfacePlots 119
- Making Surfaces Transparent 121
- Manipulating the Surface 123
- Plotting Image Data 125
- Printing Graphics 127
- Printing Grap hics 129
- Handle Graphics 130
- Graphics Objects 131
- Setting Object Properties 133
- Programming 139
- Flow Control 140
- 4 Programming 142
- Error Control – try, catch 145
- Other Data Structures 147
- Cell Arrays 149
- Characters and Text 151
- Scripts and Functions 158
- Private Functions 163
- Nested Functions 163
- Function Functions 167
- Vectorization 169
- Data Analysis 171
- Preprocessing Data 173
- 5 Data Analysis 174
- Summarizing Data 180
- Measures of Scale 181
- Shape of a Distr ibution 181
- Visualizing Data 184
- Modeling Data 189
- Creating Graphical User 195
- Interfaces 195
- What Is GUIDE? 196
- Laying Out a GUI 197
- Component 198
- Layout Area 198
- Programming a GUI 200
- Desktop Tools and 201
- Development Environment 201
- Desktop Overview 202
- Desktop Over view 203
- Arranging the Desktop 204
- Start Button 204
- Command Window 206
- Command History 207
- Help Browser 208
- "word1 word2" 210
- Other Forms of Help 211
- Ty pographical Conventions 212
- ...) ellipsis denotes 213
- [c, ia, ib] = 213
- Running Files 214
- Current Directory 214
- Search Path 215
- Workspace Browser 217
- Array Editor 218
- Editor/Debugger 220
- Directory reports 223
- Profiler 226
- Programming Interfaces 230
- Call Java from MATLAB 231
- Import and Export Data 231
- 8 External Interfaces 232
- Web Services 233
- Serial Port Interface 234
- Index: operator 2-8 235
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